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Biological control of Septoria tritici blotch on wheat by Trichoderma spp. under field conditions in Argentina

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Abstract

Biological control is an additional tool available for the design of more sustainable control strategies of wheat diseases. Trichoderma spp. have previously been used as biocontrol agents to protect wheat plants against leaf spots diseases in Argentina, but the information from field assays is scarce. The effectiveness of four Trichoderma harzianum strains and one T. koningii strain in reducing the incidence and severity of the leaf blotching of wheat caused by Septoria tritici blotch (STB) under two formulation conditions, spore suspension and the coated-seed technique, was studied under field conditions. Significant differences between wheat cultivars, formulation types and growth stages were found. In 2003, at the tillering stage, all of the treatments tested (except SST1 for incidence) effectively reduced the incidence or the severity of the disease compared to the control. Similarly, in 2004, ten of the treatments reduced the severity at tillering. At the heading stage, none of the treatments tested caused a significant decrease of the disease. These results indicated, therefore, that the antagonism was effective at an early stage of the disease only. Comparing both formulations, spraying spore suspension onto leaves and the coated-seed application technique, both were effective in decreasing the disease. Some isolates, such as CST4 and CST2, reduced the incidence value of STB to 40% and the severity value to 70% of the control values applied as coated-seed formulation. On the other hand, isolates T4 and T2 showed the greatest effectiveness for controlling STB, with similar reduction values to that shown by the fungicide (Folicur®) application treatment. The results of this study indicated that, although the immediate impact of Trichoderma isolates may be seen as reduced incidence and severity on the first stages of STB, in the long term, the same disease levels as found in untreated sites may be attained. This study also demonstrated that the incorporation of Trichoderma as a biocontrol preparation may be a promising step towards reducing STB disease in the field and the levels of fungicide residues in the context of a more integrated approach to the problem.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was given from the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Project 11 A142. The authors thank the personnel of the Estación Experimental J. Hirschhorn, Los Hornos, Daniela Bayo, scholarships Silvia Alonso, Virginia Nolasco, Patricio Gannon and Sebastián Rapetti for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Analía Edith Perelló, Maria Virginia Moreno, Cecilia Mónaco & Cristina Cordo

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Analía Edith Perelló & Maria Virginia Moreno

  3. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina

    Cecilia Mónaco & Cristina Cordo

  4. Cerealicultura, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

    María Rosa Simón

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  1. Analía Edith Perelló
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  2. Maria Virginia Moreno
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  3. Cecilia Mónaco
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  4. María Rosa Simón
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  5. Cristina Cordo
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Correspondence to Analía Edith Perelló.

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Perelló, A.E., Moreno, M.V., Mónaco, C. et al. Biological control of Septoria tritici blotch on wheat by Trichoderma spp. under field conditions in Argentina. BioControl 54, 113–122 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-008-9159-8

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